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Jan. 24, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed March 3, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 m5 /0/ M3 m3 I ma 6 ]0 75 l0 5/ 0/ 05 f 9 ml /03 1 I V I00 75 5 75% W I e 75% 95 76 96' 96' INVENTOR 96 7 7 am: WEHoeseZZafZ/i 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,731,985

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS 9 Sheets-Sheet Filed March 3, 1952 B A B A v INVENTOR Franz W.' 'ae5eZZa7 Z%.

ATTORNEYS.

Jan. 24, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH J 3 APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed March 3, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 /0/ ma 76 m5 I00 76 I j 7% M 7% 95 96 .96

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96 INVENTOR T'ra. n 2 M46. Ha esetarf'k Jan. 24, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,731,985

v APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed March 3, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 e@ E E M? [a a (9 49. 28

B} r (f 50 98 I 5 E4 a: b 96 95 INVENTOR IFwnz WE. Haqselarf/Z Jan. 24, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,731,985

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 3, 1952 INVENTOR 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,731,985

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed March 3, 1952 B B BABA A ABA A ABABAB c2 cnczavcp NVENTOR E4222 V16 5! Hoeselarlffi ATTORNEYS.

' Jan. 24, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,731,935

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS 9 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed March 3, 1952 M5. M4 M5 M3 ABABAB BABABABABAB B BAB INVENTOR fianz Wi- Hoeselarali- Jan. 24, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,731,985

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS Filed March 3, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENT R Franz WEJYaese a barfl Jan. 24, 1956 F. w. E. HOESELBARTH 2,731,985

APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed March 5, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 ATTORNEY S.

United States Patent APPARATUS FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS Frank W. E. Hoeselbarth, Carlisle, Pa., assignor to C. H.

Masland & Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application March 3, 1952, Serial No. 274,566

2 Claims. (Cl. 139-39) The present invention relates to pile fabrics and especially carpets and rugs, particularly of the type in which textured effects are achieved in the pile.

The present invention is a continuation in part and further development of my U. S. patent applications Serial No. 191,830, filed October 24, 1950, which has issued as Patent No. 2,709,460, dated May 31, 1955, for Weaving Pile Fabric Having High and Low Loops; Serial No. 167,534, filed June 12, 1950, for Velvet or Tapestry Weave, Loom and Velvet or Tapestry Carpet Fabric; and Serial No. 190,280, filed October 16, 1950, which has issued as Patent No. 2,714,902, dated August 9, 1955, for Multiple Pile Staggered W-Weaving.

The present application has been divided, and the subject matter relating to the pile 'fabric has been embodied in application Serial 363,254, filed June 22, 1953, for Pile Fabric.

A purpose of the invention is to employ two or more pile warps, weaving preferably on the velvet system, although permissibly according to the Wilton or Brussels system, to raise the respective pile warps over different wires producing different pile'configurations in different pattern areas, and on at least one of the'pile warps and preferably both or all in a given pattern area, to employ a succession of different wires producing a succession of different pile configurations suitably varying in the difference between high and 'low pile, wavy and straight pile, cut and uncut pile, or the like.

A further purpose is to intermingle pile formed by two different warps differing in color or in sequence of different colored ends, to reverse the pile warps which are raised over particular groups of wires in different pattern areas, and to raise one or preferably both warps and preferably all ends thereof in a given pattern area over successive wires of different characters, one being for example higher and another lower, one being straight and another wavy, one being cutting and another non-cutting, or combinations thereof.

A further purpose is to employ wavy pile wires, the highest portions of which are of different heights on alternating wires and the lowest portions of which are higher on the wires having the higher highest portions and lower on the wires having the lower highest portions, to raise the different warps over these different wires, and preferably to reverse the particular warps raised over particular wires in different pattern areas.

A further purpose is to employ two groups of wavy wires suitably alternating, one of which has higher highest portions in the .shed and the other of which has lower highest portions in the shed and to employ lower lowest portions on the wires having the higher highest portion than on the wires having the lower highest portions. Different pile warps are suitably raised over the wires of different characters in one pattern area and in another pattern area the relation of warps and wires is preferably reversed.

A further purpose is to employ alternating wavy wires of different character raising different pile warps, with the highest portions in the shed of the wavy wires of different heights and the lowest portions in the shed of the same height, and to reverse the relationship of the wires and pile warps in different pattern areas.

A further purpose is to employ for raising different pile warps wavy pile wires having the highest wire portions in the shed of the same heights and the lowest wire portions in the shed of different heights, and to reverse the relations of wires and pile warps in different pattern areas.

A further purpose is to utilize combinations of wavy wires and straight wires raising difierent warps and reversing the relationship of wires and warps, the straight wires being preferably of different heights, and to employ the highest portions on the wavy wires and the lowest portions on the wavy wires optionally higher or lower than the straight wires.

A further purpose is to vary the order of the presentation of the wires either by varying alternations of the wires of different types or by omitting a wire at a particular transverse row.

A further purpose is to employ a number of pile warps alternately raised in the pile, which number .is even or odd, as the case may be, and to employ a number of different characters of wires in successsion which is respectively odd or even, as the case may be, so that at the end of each succession of wires a different warp is raised over a wire of a particular character. Thus if the number of different pile warps is 2, the number of different characters of wires in succession will suitably be 3, 5 or 7, and if the number of pile warps is three, the number of differ- 3 cut characters of pile wires in succession will suitably be 2, 4 or 6.

A further purpose is to accent the textured effect by making up the pile warps each of ends of different colors, different twists, different weights, or different constructions, so that these different ends raised in pile projections of different configurations will further enhance the contrast.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate several only of the numerous embodiments in which may invention may appear, selecting the forms shown from the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation, and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figure 1 is a conventional warpwise diagram of one weave according to the invention with conventional showing of the wires.

Figure 1a is a conventional warpwise weave diagram showing the invention applied to a staggered W-weave.

Figures 2 to 40, inclusive, are conventional cross sections showing portions of the wire sets which will be employed in different embodiments of the invention, these figures indicating the sequences of wires of different characters which are employed.

Figures 41, 42 and 43 are diagrams transversely sectioning the wire set and showing different procedures by which reversal may be accomplished.

Figures 44 and 45 are diagrams of variant weaves according to the invention showing variations in the charactor of the pile warp and in the reversals of the wires.

Figures 46 to 51 show a wire motion which can be used in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 46 illustrates the withdrawal of the last wire on the spike roll side of the set of wires, the illustration being a diagrammatic top plan view.

Figure 47 is a diagrammatic top plan view of the wire motion showing the insertion of the wire in the shed.

Figure 48 is a fragmentary enlarged side elevation showing the hopper grasping the head of the wire, looking in the direction of the line 48-48 in Figure 46.

Figure 49 is a diagrammatic enlarged section of Figure 46 on the line 49-49.

Figure 50 is a fragmentary diagrammatic perspective of the pattern chain and associated wire miss mechanism.

Figure 51 is an enlarged fragmentary right end elevation of Figure 50.

Figure 52 is a fragmentary diagrammatic vertical section showing a variant of the wire motion of Figures 46 to 51 inclusive.

In the drawings like numerals refer to like parts throughout.

In accordance with the present invention, I increase the variants available to the designer in creating textured effects on pile fabrics, especially carpets and rugs, by permitting variation in the pile configurations of one pile warp which is interwoven with another pile warp creating pile of a different character, and furthermore permitting reversal of the pile warps so that one pile warp creates pile of a given character or preferably a succession of different characters in one pattern area while the other pile warp is creating a different character of pile in that pattern area, and then the pile warps interchange their relationship in another pattern area. This is particularly effective where each pile warp is made up of pile warp 4 ends of different colors, different twists, different weights, or different constructions arranged side by side, suitably with several like pile warp ends together forming a band and then several more together beside them forming the next band.

I furthermore am able to accent the textured effect preferably with or permissibly without reversal by creating unusual relationships between the heights of pile warp ends of one warp and the heights of the pile warp ends of another warp in the same pattern area. Thus in one desirable embodiment I use wavy wires to raise the ends of both pile warps, but employ different heights of the highest portions of the wires in the shed so as to produce highest pile projections of the different warps which are of different heights, with reversal of the relationship in another pattern area. In one embodiment where the highest pile projections of the different warps are respectively of different heights, I make the lowest pile projections of the same height. In another embodiment I use lowest pile projections of different heights, in some cases using the lower lowest pile projections in the rows having higher highest pile projections and in other cases using higher lowest pile projections in the rows having higher highest pile projections, with reversal in other pattern areas.

I also find that I can produce a desirable textured effect by using highest pile projections of the same height and lowest pile projections of different heights on the different warps in a particular pattern area, with reversal in another pattern area.

I also find that various combinations of heights of wavy and straight rows of pile projections can be obtained. In some cases the highest and lowest pile projections in the wavy rows are made higher and in other cases lower than the straight pile projections of the other warp with reversal in another pattern area. I also use straight pile projections whose height is intermediate between the highest and lowest pile projections in the wavy rows.

The effects obtained by the texturing may also be accented by shearing only the highest of the wavy pile projections and leaving the other pile projections unsheared.

In order to accomplish the reversal according to the invention, I may either employ in a wire set wires having the same characters which are adjoining at one point and which alternate elsewhere or I may omit one wire or an odd number of wires to create a reversal as later explained.

The reversal will in some cases be obtained by using an odd number of wires of difierent characters in sequence when employing an even number of pile warps raised successively, or by using an even number of wires of different characters in sequence when employing an odd number of pile warps raised successively. Thus with two pile warps, and three wires of different characters in sequence throughout the wire set, the particular pile warp will in one group of three wires be raised over the first and third wires and in the next group be raised over the second wire and the first wire of the next group.

The wavy wires employed in the invention will have gradual slopes in both the forward and rearward direction at the upper edges where the level is changed on the tops of the wires to avoid roughening the fabric during withdrawal of the wires.

While the invention may be employed in Wilton, Brussels or other jacquard carpet weaving, it is believed to find its greatest application in velvet carpet, by which I,

mean to include tapestry carpet. In other words, in the preferred embodiment all of the ends of a particular warp will be raised over a particular wire, to form one transverse row, and all of the ends of another warp will be raised over another wire to form the next transverse row. The relation of the wires which form the pile for the different warps in a given pattern area and the relation of the successive wires which form the pile for a particular warp ina particular pattern area is important in the present invention. 7

While it is permissible to use 3, 4, or more pile warps, the principles of the invention will readily be understood by considering weaves employing two warps. Where wavy wires are used, the shape may be a sine or other wave, but it will preferably be a series of plateaus or flats of different heights, suitably three or more heights, with interme diate merging surfaces.

Figure 1 shows a conventional velvet or tapestry carpet weave, which is preferably made with two binder warps, although a single binder warp may be used.

Likewise two pile warps only are shown, but it will be evident that any suitable :number may be employed.

In thefirst step, an upper shed has been formed between the pile warp 75 and binder warp 84, and a lower shed has been formed between binder warp 84 on, the one hand and binder warp 85, pile warp 76 and stutter warp 91 on the other hand. A wire 96 is inserted in the upper shed and a shot of weft is inserted in the lower shed. In the second step a shot of weft 97 is taken in a lower shed above binder Warp 85 and beneath all other warps.

In the third step an upper shed has been formed between pile warp 76 and binder warp 85 and a lower shed has been formed between binder warp 85 on the one hand, and binder warp 84, pile warp 75 and stuiier warp 91 on the other hand. A wire 98 has been inserted in the upper shed and a shot of weft 97 has been inserted in the lower shed.

It should be noted that the wire 98 is dilferent from the wire 96 as later explained. I

In the fourth step a shot of weft has been taken in a lower shed above binder warp 84 and beneath all other warps.

The invention is applicable not only to so-called V- weaves but also to other constructions such as staggered W-weaves as described and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 190,280, filed October 16, 1950, for Multiple Pile Staggered W-Weave. Figure 1a illustrates such a staggered W-weave in which pile warp 75 is raised over pile wires 96 in this pattern area and pile'warp 76 is raised over pile wires '98 in this pattern area with suitable reversal as described, A single binder warp 84 is woven in. opposition to the pile warps and suitably also ,to a stuiier warp 91. Each pile warp is bound under two front'wefts'and o era back weft between any two points in which it 'r'is es in the pile in this weave.

In Figures 2 to 40 in order to simplify the showing, I illustrate merely the diagrammatic illustration of the transversewires, and the pile projections, omitting the backing of the fabric. It'is' assumed that on the wavy wires, the sectionsare made at'the lowest points in the shed, f the sections" being tales-n at. warp positions where low pointshappengto coincidc.-;-.- l l Table I illustrates in tabular form the relations of the various wires and is beli'eved'to be self-explanatory? TABLE I um Wires 96 raising pile warp Wires 98 raising pile warp 76 v to form loops in pattern to form loops 101 in pattern area before reversal. area before reversal.

2 Low straight noncutting. High straight noneutting. 3 Low straight, cutters 102 at High straight, cutters 102 at .far end. far end. i

=1 Low straight noncutting High straight cutting.

5 Low straight cutting High straight noncutting.

6 Wavy noncutting wire por- Wavy noncutting wire portions 103, lowest high portions 103, highest high portions, low portions same tions, low portions same height as other wires. height as other wires.

7 Wavy noncutting wire por- Wavy noncutting wire portions 103, lower high por tions 103, higher high portions and lower low portions than other wires, 10w tions than other wires. portions intermediate between heights of high and low portions on other wires.

3 Wavy noneutting wire por- Wavy noncuttiug wire portions 103, lower high portions 103, higher high portions and higher low portions and. lower low pertions than other wires. tions than other wires.

9 Wavy noncutting wire por- Wavy noncutting wire portions 103, same height of tions 103 same height 01 high portions, lower low high portions, higher low 1 portions than other wires. r portions than other wires.

10 Wavy noncutting wire por- Wavy noncutting wire portions 103, same height of tions 103, same height of high and low portions as high and low portions as other wires. other wires.

11 Wavy noncutting wire por- Straight noneutting wires tions 103, high portions same height as high porsame height, low portions tions 01' other wires. lower than other wires.

12 Wavy noncutting wire Straight noncutting wires of portions 103, high portions height; between high and higher, low portions lower low portions of other wires.

than other wires.

13 Wavy noncutting wire por- Straight noncutting wires of tions 103, high and low porheight lower than low portions higher thanotherwires. tions of other wires.

14 Wavy noncutting wire por- Straight noncutting wires of tions 103, high and low porheight higher than high tions lower than other wires. portions of other wires.

15 Wavy noncutting wire por- Straight cutting wires of tions 103, high portions o! same height as high porsame height as other wires. tions of other wires.

16 Wavy noneutting wire por- Straight cutting wires of tions 103, high portions height between high and higher, low portions lower lowportions of other wires. than other wires.

17 Wavy noncutting wire poi Straight cutting wires of tions 103, high and low porheight lower than low pertionshigherthanotherwires. tions of other wires.

18 Wavy noncutting wire por- Straight cutting wires of tions 103, high and low porheight higher than high tions lower than other wires. portions of other wires.

Table I shows the condition in one pattern area and after reversal the relation of the pile warps with respect "to the wires will be opposite.

An example of .the fabric according to Figure 4 is one Woven over low straight cutting wires of 0.500 inch height and high straight noncutting wires of 0.750 inch height operating on different pile warps.

When the adjoining wires are all Wavy wires, the wavy wires are desirably noncutting.

in accordance with the invention, the principles which have just been outlined will desirably be applied to'vary the sequence of wires over which a particular pile warp is raised in a particular pattern area, and this will preferably be done to the wires over which both pile warps are raised in that pattern area. To simplify the showing .1 illustrate in Figures 19 to '39 inclusive wires-96 shown generally in dot-and-das'h lines to indicate that they are wires of any of the characters of Figures 21539 inclusive, alternating with wires 98 which show thespecial features or" the invention and are in some cases designated 98'and 93 to indicate that variations exist.' In describing these figures pile projections 100 of pile warp 75 raised over, wires 96 are not being separatelydescribed, it beingunderstoodthat thesewill be of any of the charactersherein referred to and conformingto the wires over whichpile warp '75 is raised. 1

Table II sets forth in tabular form the characters'of the wires shown iii-Figures 19 to 39 inclusive:

TABLE II Structure of wires over which pile warp 76 is raised in sequence (pile warp 75 being raised over wires of any types mentioned) before reversal Figure No. First Wire Second Wire Third Wire Fourth Wire 19 Wavy noncutting wire portions Wavy noncutting wire portions Same as first 1. Same as second.

103, high portions lower low 103, high portions higher, low portions same height as second portions same height as first wire. wire. 20 Wavy noncutting wire portions Wavy noncutting wire portions .lo Do.

103, high portions intermediate 103, high portions higher, low in height between high and low portions intermediate in portions of second wire. height between high and low portions of first wire. 21 Wavy noncutting wire portions Wavy noncutting wire portions .....d0 Do.

103, high and low portions both 103, high portions higher than intermediate in height between high portions of first wire, low high and low portions of second portions lower than low porwire. tions of first wire. 22 Wavy noncutting wire portions Wavy noncutting wire portions Do.

103, high portions of same 103, high portions of same height, low portions lower than height, low portions higher second wire. than first wire. 23 Low straight noneutting wire 98... High straight noncutting wire Do.

98 Low straight cutting wire 98 High straight cutting wire 98.-. Do. Low straight noncutting wire 98 o Do. Low straight cutting wire 98 Hggl i straight nonoutting wire Do.

.8 Straight noncutting wire 98, some Straight cutting wire 98, some Same as second Same as first.

height as second wire. Low straight noncutting wire 98 height as first wire. Wavy noncutting wire of any of types referred to.

High straight noncutting wire hearing any of relations mentioned to second wire,

Wavy noncutting wire bearing any of relations mentioned to other wires.

29 ..do Wavy wire 98 having cutter at some as first Same as second. for end, low portions same height as first wire. 30 do Wavy wire 98 having cutter at High straight nencutting wire Do.

for end, low portions same 98 height as first wire. 31 Wavy noncutting wire 98 Wavy noncutting wire 98 bear- Wavy noncutting wire 98 high Do.

ing any of relations specified portion higher, low portions to wire 98. same height as wire 98. 32 1. Wavy noncutting wire 98, highest Same as above Wavy noncutting wire 98 high- Do.

portions between height of highest portions higher than wire est and lowest portions oi wire 98, lowest portions between 98 and lowest portions lower. height of highest and lowest portions on wires 98. 33 Wavy noneutting wire 98, highest .do Wavy noneutting 98, highest Do.

and lowest portions between portion higher, lowest portion heights of highest and lowest lower than wire 98. portions on wire 98 34 Wavy noncutting wire 98, highest do Wavy noncutting wire 98 high- Do.

portion same height, lowest porest portions same height, lowtions lower than wire 98 Sgt portions higher than wire 35 Wavy noneutting wire 98, highest do Wavy noncutting wire 98 same Do.

and lowest portions same height as wire 98. as wire 98. 36 Straight noncutting wire 98 Wavy noncutting wire 98 having Same as first Do.

highest portions same height as wire 98. 37 ..do Wavy noncutting wire 98 having .do Do. highest portions higher and lowest portions lower than wire 98. r 38 Wavy noncutting wire 98' Straight noneutting wire 98 Do.

lower than lowest portions oi wire 98. 39 do Straight noncutting wire 98 Do.

higher than highest portions oi wire 98.

Figure 40 shows by way of specific example a combination of different wires for raising the respective pile warps 75 and 76. In this case pile warp 76 is always raised over non-cutting wavy wire 98 in the particular pattern area. Wire 96 is a low straight cutting wire, and wire 96' (the next wire over which pile warp 75 is raised) is a high straight non-cutting wire.

The wavy wires may have any of the characters well known in the art as suggested by Rodier French Patent 451,065 or Jackson U. S. Patent 2,516,465. Thehigh and low points on successive wavy wires will, of course, be displaced at different positions laterally to achieve a pattern effect as shown in Belgian Patent 250,673.

Where two wavy wires are to be used in association, the heights of the high and low portions of the loops produced in accordance with the invention may bear any of a wide variety of relationships to one another as shown in the table, where the lefthand three columns describe the relative heights of the main portion of. pile wire A compared to the high portion of pile wire B, of

the low portion of pile wire A compared to the low por: tion of pile wire B and of the difference between the high and low portions of pile wire A and compared to pile wire B, and the fourth column gives the height of thehigh portion of pile wire B compared to the low portion of pile wire A. The next four columns give the actual heights of pile wire A and pile wire B in thousandths of an inch and the last four columns give the heights of the final pile projections in two adjoining rows produced over the wires of the particular examples. Thus it will be seen that for any particular height of the high pile projections in the row having the higher highest pile projections, the highest pile projections in the next row wilibc the same height or lower. The lowest pile projections in the first row may be lower than, the same height as, or higher than the highest pile projections in the next row and may be lower than, the same height as, or higher than the lower pile projections in the next row.v

Examples of the wires are set forth in Table III.

arsness TABLE III Wire A Wire B Example Pile Difference be- Height of Pile formed over Pile iormed over Height of high Height of low tween high high porwire A wire B wire A wire B portion comportion comand low portion compared to high pared to low tions on wire pared to portion of portion A as comlow por- Hei ht Height I Height Height Height 1 Height Height Height I wire 13 wire 13 pared to tion oi of high of low of high of low of high oi low of high oi low wire B wire A portion portion portion a portion portion portion portion portion Thus the highest pile pro ections in the two rows may Example III:

be of the same height or different heights, and the lowest pile projections in the row having the higher highest pile projection may be lower, the same height or higher than the highest pile projections and also the lowest pile projections in the row having the lower highest pile projections This combination of heights of wavy pile projections in adjacent rows gives many novel eitects with reversal of pile over wires of different characters. Likewise With the highest pile projections of the same height, novel eifects may be obtained by using lowest pile projections of different heights in the different rows.

These features may be applied in adjacent rows of wavy pile projections of diiferent warps or in adjacent rows of pile projections of the same warp alternating with pile projections of a different warp as already explained.

The .feature of reversal is desirably employed to give different effects in different pattern areas by raising one pile warp over pile wires A in one area and over pile wires B in another area.

A simple Way to accomplish reversal is to employ in the wire set an odd number of successive wires of different character arranged in a group where an even number of pile warps is employed or an even number of successive wires of different character arranged in a group where an odd number of different pile warps .is employed. By this means, pile warp A is raised over a wire of a particular character at one point, but the next time a wire of that character is employed it raises pile warp B.

Figure 41 shows .a succession of three wires of the wire set, it being understood that this grouping is repeated throughout the wire set. At the particular point, pile warp 75 is raised over high straight non-cutting pile wire 96, pile warp 76 .is raised over wavy wire .98 having its high points higher and its low points lower than the height of wire 96 and then pile warp 75 is raised over straight cutting pile wire 96' of the height of the low points on wavy wire 98. It will be obvious that when pile warp 76 is next raised, it will be carried over wire 96, thus constituting a reversal.

Typical examples of the wires referred to in Figure 41 with variations in their characters are:

Example I:

Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.290 inch. Wavy non-cutting wire varying in height from 0.142

inch to 0.213 inch. Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch.

Example II:

Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.290 inch. Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch. Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch.

Straight cutting wire of height 0.200 inch.

Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch.

Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch. Example IV:

Straight cutting wire of height 0.260 inch.

Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch.

Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch. Example V:

Straight non-cutting wire of height of 0.290 inch.

Wavy non-cutting wire varying in height from 0.142

inch to 0.213 inch. Straight cutting wire of height 0.110 inch.

Example 'VI:

Straight cutting wire of height 0.200 inch. Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.160 inch. Straight non-cutting wire of height 0.160 inch.

Reversal is shown in Figure 42 where a wire set or portion thereof has wires 107 of one character or succession of characters alternating with wires 108 of another character or succession of characters, wires 107 raising pile warps -A and wires .108 raising pile warps B until at a point of reversal 110 two wires 108 are side by side, so that thenceforth until the next reversal wires 108 raise pile warps A and wires 107 raise pile warps B.

The same effect can be achieved by leaving a gap or missing a wire at a'point of reversal 110' as shown in Figure 43.

The resulting fabric will desirably have pile warps A and B each consisting of ends of different colors arranged in bands or groups as shown in Figures 44 and 45, which indicate diagrammatically the face of the fabric. Thus in Figure 44 as shown at the top, pile Warp A has wide bands 111 and 112 of pile warp ends of one color in the dents of the reed and an intermediate band 113 of pile Warp ends of another color. Pile warp B has wide bands 114 and 115 of pile warp ends of one color (which maybe the color of ends 113) in the dents of the reed and an intermediate band 116 of pile warp ends of another color (which may be the color of the pile warp ends in bands 111 and 112)., The lower portion shows the wires numbered from 1 to 24 in top plan, raising the pile.

The letters at the right show which pile warp is raised over particular wires whose different characters are indicated by C and D at the left. At the points of reversal 110 pile warp A which was formerly raised over. wire C is thenceforth raised over pile D, or vice versa.

In some cases it is desirable to make up each pile warp of major bands of pile warp ends, each of which includes minor bands of ends of another color. Thus-in Figure 45, pile warp A is made up of major bands 117, 118, 120 and 121 of pile warp ends of different colors and band 117 consists of sub-bands 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 and 1 1 128 of various colors, some of which will suitably be the same, while major band 118 consists of sub-bands 130, 131, 132 and 133 of different colors, major band 120 consists of sub-bands 134, 135, 136 and 137 of different colors, and major band 121 consists of sub-band 138 and 140.

Likewise pile warp B is made up of major band 141 consisting of sub-bands 142, 143, 144, 145 and 146 of different colors, major band 147 consisting of sub-bands 148, 150, 151 and 152 of different colors, major band 153 consisting of sub-bands 154, 155, 156 and 157 of different colors and major band 158 consisting of subbands 160 and 161 of different colors. Of course all pile warp ends may be of the same color if desired.

Instead of differences in color, the bands may exhibit differences in pile yarn twist, weight, material or construction.

At the point of reversal 110, pile warp A which formerly was raised over pile wire C of one character is henceforth raised from pile wires D of another character, or vice versa.

Reversals are provided as frequently as desired throughout the fabric, but preferably two are present in each wire set.

It will be evident that for best results the slope of the inclined portion on the wavy wire on the side toward the head should not exceed approximately degrees to the axis of the wire. The details of this form no part of the present invention and are disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 191,830.

The principles of the invention may be applied with variations in thread-in in accordance with the disclosure of my copending application Serial No. 190,280.

The loom used to accomplish the weave of the invention may be a standard velvet, tapestry or Wilton carpet loom such as the Crompton and Knowles or the Dobcross shown, for instance, in Charles H. Masland, 2d patent application Serial No. 144,764, filed February 17, 1950, now abandoned, for Weaving With Effect From Orientation of High and Low Pile, incorporated herein by reference.

Figures 46 to 51 illustrate a wire motion which may be used in accordance with the present invention. This wire motion may be employed for the normal insertion and withdrawal of the wires, and can also determine a reversal in the wire sequence.

Figure 46 illustrates the withdrawal of the last wire at the spike roll side of the set of wires, at which time, if the wire is a wavy wire, the adjoining loops in the next row of pile projections for the same pile warp are pulled down by the high points on the wavy wire as well known.

For the withdrawal from the wire set of wire 96, which is the next wire to be inserted in the shed, hopper 162 begins to travel to the right in Figure 46, as indicated by arrow 163 along hopper slide 164 under the action of hopper linkage 165 connected to the cam wire motion of the loom, as well known. The head 166 of resilient wire 96 is grasped by hook 167 which is constructed as well known to grasp by motion of the hook to the right relative to the wire but to release by its cam surface on motion of the wire to the right relative to the hook. The hook slides on hook slide 168 in the direction of arrow 170 under the action of hook linkage 171 connected to the plate of the wire motion as well known.

As the hook moves out to the right in Figure 46, it gradually overtakes the hopper and inserts the head 166 of the wire between the hopper fixed lower jaw 172 (Figure 48) and the hopper movable upper jaw 173 pivoted at 174 on the hopper back 175.

The upper jaw 173 is spring urged toward grasping position by hairpin spring 174' acting from an abutment on the back of the hopper. The guiding relationship of the hopper on the slide 164 is maintained by hopper front 175' which is suitably secured in spaced relation to the hopper back on the opposite side of the back.

The continued motion of the hopper to the right in Figure 46 beyond the position reached by the hook detaches the wire from the hook by moving it over the cam surface with the hook, as wellknown, so that the wire is held at the head end entirely by the hopper. When the wire has been fully withdrawn from the fabric 169, the front end of the wire is carried toward the shed as shown in Figure 47 in the direction of arrow 176 by the forward motion of carrier 177, as well known in the art. The hopper linkage moves the hopper toward the left in Figure 47 in the direction of arrow 178, inserting the wire in the shed on the spear, as well known. Hook 167 also moves toward the left in Figure 47 to reach a position to engage the next wire for withdrawal as shown in Figure 46. Carrier 177 moves to the retracted position in Figure 46, as well known.

The wire motion as thus far described can be conventional notwithstanding that the wires in the wire set are unusual in character. Where desired, however, the wire motion can be employed to omit a wire in order to change the relation of wires to pile warps.

A shaft 180 which turns continuously is rotatably mounted on bearings 181 and supports a longitudinally movable clutch element 182 (Figure 49) which is keyed on the shaft and slidable with respect to the shaft under the action of fork 183 engaging in slot 184 in the circumference of the clutch. The fork is spring-urged toward disengaging position by tension spring 185, and carries roller follower 186 which engages cam 187 on cam shaft 188 turning in suitable bearings. Shaft 188 is any one of the shafts on the loom which moves through one rotation for each cycle of motion of the hopper.

Clutch element 182 has a frictional face 190 which in engaging position engages and turns mating clutch face 191 on driven pattern chain shaft 192, journalled in bearings 193. Pattern chain sprocket 194 is mounted on shaft 192. Ratchet 195 on the shaft engages pawl 196 pivotally mounted at 197 and spring urged into ratchet engagement by a spring not shown. The ratchet and pawl merely function to prevent the shaft 192 from moving in the reverse direction when free from driving engagement.

The sprocket 194 carries a pattern chain 198 which has normal links 200 at all positions at which the wire mechanism is to function in the normal manner without missing a wire. The clutch and cam will advance the pattern chain one link for each cycle of the hopper. The opposite end of the pattern chain can be guided by another sprocket (not shown), if desired. At positions at which it is desired to miss a wire as illustrated in Figure 43, a wire miss dog 201 is provided on a special link, extending radially beyond the ordinary pattern link. The dog 201 engages lever 202 which is pivoted on fixed pivot 203 and is urged into engagement with the pattern chain by tension spring 204 from a suitable spring abutment. At the opposite end of the pivot, the lever 202 has an offset 205 to bring the remote end into the position at which the hook engages the wire head for withdrawal of the wire and at the remote end the lever carries a shutter 206. During the normal operation of the wire motion, the shutter is in the dot-and-dash position of Figure 51 and remains inoperative when normal pattern links engage the lever 202, but when a dog 201 engages the lever 202 the shutter extends over head opening 207 of wire head 166, as shown in Figure 51, thus preventing hook 167 from entering the wire head, and causing the hook to miss, so that no wire is inserted in the shed at that position on the weave.

In operation of the forms of Figures 46 to 51 inclusive, it will be understood that normally the hook withdraws the wire carrying it to the right in Figure 46, where it is picked up by the hopper and leaves the book. The forward end of the wire is then carried toward the shed as in Figure 47 and the hopper moves to the left in Figure 47 and inserts the new wire in the shed. When a wire miss is to be encountered, the pattern chain 198 brings a link pro- 13 vided with a wire miss dog 201 into the position as shown in Figures 50 and 51, thus bringing shutter 206 into obstructing position so that the next time the hook moves into engaging position to withdraw a wire, it cannot enter the wire opening and fails to withdraw a wire at that position.

Figure 52 shows a modification of the wire miss mechanism, which is employed in the invention. The form of Figure 52 is used with a normal wire motion of Figures 46 and 47, but without the shutter there shown. Wire head 166' is here modified so that wire 96 has a recess 206 extending from the bottom which is normally engaged by the hook 167. In ordinary operation of the wire motion this recess is free to receive the hook as explained in normal operation of the device of Figures 46 and 47. When, however, amiss is to be encountered, sprocket 194 brings wire miss dog 201 on pattern chain 198 into engagement with cam head 207 on shutter plunger 208 which moves into slot 206 of the last wire head of wire 96 and prevents the hook from entering slot 206 from the side. The shutter plunger is held in engagement with the pattern chain 198 by compression spring 210.

The operation of the form of Figure 52 is generally similar to that of Figures 46 to 51, the only difference being that the shutter moves in a slot from below the head of the wire instead of obstructing the wire opening at the side.

It will be understood that in designing a pattern, where the pile warps are to be taken from beams, the pattern should be compensating, that is, the total height of pile on any one pile warp end in the wire repeat should equal the total height of the pile on any other pile warp end and at any other dent. Of course it will be understood that in case the pile warp ends are distributed from spools or otherwise individually fed, it is not important to employ a compensating pattern.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of my invention without copying the process, structure and fabric shown, and I therefore claim all such insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The process of weaving a carpet, which comprises interweaving a plurality of pile warps, binder warp ends, stuifer warp ends and wefts according to the velvet carpet system, and raising all of the ends of each of the pile warps at different times in each cycle over wires of diiferent kinds of a wire set in which the wire repeat throughout the wire set is an odd number where the number of different pile warps is even and an even number where the number of different pile warps is odd,- whereby a wire of a given kind will operate on one of the pile warps on one cycle and on another of the pile warps on another cycle.

2. The pile wire loom having wire mechanism, in combination with a set of transverse pile wires therefor withdrawn by the wire mechanism, having even numbered wires of one character in one part of the wire set and of a different character in another part of the wire set and having odd numbered wires of one character in one part of the wire set and of another character in another part of the wire set.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,676,039 Mason July 3, 1928 2,015,810 Morgan Oct. 1, 1935 2,318,499 Keen May 4, 1943 2,477,248 Harding July 26, 1949 2,516,465 Jackson July 25, 1950 2,573,841 Groat Nov. 6, 1951 

